International Blood Research & Reviews

Bone marrow transplant is practice since several decades in develops countries and plays an important role in achieving a complete remission or cure for most hematology malignancy diseases. Unfortunately it remains unavailable in most of developing countries in general and particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Although the indication exist it’s not done. We showed here the urgent need of bone marrow transplant for many patients suffering from hematology malignancy disease. The goal at the end is to obtain the technique of bone marrow transplant for our country for better care of our patients.

Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 12 months (January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021). It focused on the files of patients with hematology malignancies diseases diagnosis after specifics exams such immunohistochemistry  for lymphoma  international myeloma working group for multiple myeloma molecular biology and karyotype for Chronic myeloid leukemia  immunophenotype  for chronic  lymphoid leukemia  for acute leukemia the criteria was bone marrow study with some time immunophenotype karyotype molecular biology patients were treat in three specialized centers (Cocody University Hospital, Centre National Radiotherapy Alassane Ouattara and Treichville University Hospital). The data recorded were socio-demographic, clinical, therapeutic and prognosis and the indications for bone marrow transplant.

Results: The age ranged from 18 to 82 years with average of 48.89 years. Patients over 55 years predominated (35.8%). The sex ratio was 2.09. The majority of the patients were farmers (34.7%). The most frequent reason for consultation was the management of hematology malignancy disease 31%. The clinical manifestations were dominated by anemic syndrom (45.5%) followed by tumor syndrome (26.1%). The tumor syndrom was made up of polyadenopathy in 60.9%., the blood count showed anemia in 83.5% of cases followed by hyperleukocytosis in 38.6%. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 42.3% of cases and immunophenotype was performed in 32.6% of cases. The most observed pathologies were respectively diffuse large B cell lymphoma DBLCL (40.3%), followed by chronic lymphocyte leukeumia CLL (26.1%) and multiple myeloma MM (17%). Leukemia were rarely observed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 7.4%. Concerning the prognosis, for DLBCL (International Prognostic Index (IPI) was stage 2 for 53.5% of cases) and the International staging system (ISS) for MM was 3 for 93.3% of cases). For the treatments carried out in first line, Rituximab cyclophosphamide hydroxorubicin oncovin predenisone (RCHOP) was use at 66.6% for DLBCL the Velcade revlimid dexamethasone (VRD). Protocol was practiced for 40% of Myeloma patients were treated with the protocol Dasatinib and nilotinib were the second-line treatment used in CML with 38.5% and 23.1% of cases respectively. The second-line treatment used in CLL was ibrutinib (17.4%) The results after -therapeutic was marked by progression or relapse in 75% in acute leukemia. The autologous indication was 78,9% and 93,3% for multiple myeloma DLBCL. The allogeneic indication was the 37,5% and 53,8% respectively for acute leukemia and CML.

Conclusion: Our results show the strong demand for this therapeutic method in our care centers. The interest in implementing this technic in Côte d’Ivoire could improve the survival of our patients.